What Causes Corneal Ulcers in Contact Lens Wearers?
If you use contact lenses, you’ve likely been warned about the importance of proper lens care. One of the most serious complications that can affect contact lens wearers is a corneal ulcer, a potentially sight-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention. Keep reading to learn more about what corneal ulcers are and why contact lens wearers are at a higher risk for them.
What Is a Corneal Ulcer?
A corneal ulcer is an open sore or defect on the cornea. The cornea plays a vital role in your vision by helping focus light onto your retina, and it serves as your eye’s first line of defense against infection and injury.
When an ulcer develops on this delicate tissue, it can cause significant discomfort and potentially lead to permanent vision damage if not treated promptly.
Signs and Symptoms of a Corneal Ulcer You Shouldn’t Ignore
Corneal ulcers often produce noticeable symptoms that require immediate attention. If you experience any of the following, especially if you wear contact lenses, seek medical care right away:
- Severe eye pain or soreness
- A white spot is visible on your cornea
- Redness of the eye
- The sensation of having something in your eye
- Excessive tearing or discharge
- Blurred vision
- Increased sensitivity to light
- Swelling of the eyelids
Early detection and treatment are crucial for preventing permanent damage to your vision.
Why Contact Lens Wearers Face a Higher Risk of Corneal Ulcers
Contact lens wearers are particularly vulnerable to developing corneal ulcers for several reasons:
Physical Barrier to Oxygen
Contact lenses sit directly on the cornea and can reduce oxygen flow to this tissue. When oxygen supply is compromised, the cornea becomes more susceptible to infection.
Bacterial Biofilm Formation
Bacteria can form biofilms (organized communities of microorganisms) on contact lenses and cases. These biofilms can be difficult to remove with standard cleaning methods and may introduce pathogens that can potentially infect the cornea.
Microscopic Corneal Damage
Even properly fitted contact lenses can cause microscopic damage to the corneal epithelium (the protective outer layer of the cornea). These tiny abrasions can create entry points for germs.
Hygiene-Related Risks
Poor contact lens hygiene significantly increases ulcer risk. This includes:
- Using tap water to clean or store lenses
- Sleeping in contact lenses not designed for overnight wear
- Reusing or topping off contact lens solution
- Failing to wash hands before handling lenses
- Using expired solutions or lenses
- Improper lens case cleaning
How are Corneal Ulcers Treated?
Treatment for a corneal ulcer largely depends on the cause of the ulcer. Your eye doctor may prescribe antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral eye drops, oral medications, or injections in severe cases.
They will likely recommend temporarily discontinuing contact lens wear and scheduling regular follow-up appointments to monitor the healing process. In cases where significant scarring has occurred, a corneal transplant may eventually be necessary to restore vision.
How Contact Lens Wearers Can Prevent Corneal Ulcers
The good news is that most corneal ulcers related to contact lens wear are preventable. Follow these critical guidelines to protect your eyes:
Practice Good Contact Lens Hygiene
Always wash and dry your hands thoroughly before handling lenses, and be sure to clean and disinfect lenses according to your eye doctor’s instructions. Never use saliva or tap water on your lenses, and follow the recommended replacement schedule for your specific lens type.
Be Mindful of Wear Time
Never sleep in your contacts unless specifically prescribed for overnight wear, and ensure you remove lenses before swimming or showering.
Know When to Seek Help
Remove your lenses immediately if you experience redness, pain, blurred vision, or discomfort, and seek care from your eye doctor if these symptoms persist. Early intervention is crucial for preventing permanent damage from corneal ulcers.
Learn more about proper contact lens wear when you schedule an appointment at Mid Ohio Eye in Columbus, OH, today!
